Please feel free to email me at lesleahlusko@gmail.com if you cannot access any of my publications through the links below.
2024
Towle I, Lock C, Oxenham M, Hara A, Krueger KL, Salem AS, Martínez de Pinillos M, Modesto-Mata M, Hlusko LJ. Accepted. Micro-CT calibration using dental tissue for bone mineral research. American Journal of Biological Anthropology
Modesto-Mata M, de la Fuente Valentín L, Hlusko LJ, Martínez de Pinillos M, Towle I, García-Campos C, Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro J. Accepted. Artificial neural networks reconstruct missing perikymata in worn teeth. Anatomical Record
Towle I, Loch C, Martínez de Pinillos M, Modesto-Mata M, Hlusko LJ. 2024. Severe enamel defects in wild Japanese macaques. International Journal of Zoology Vol 2024:Article ID 8445492 https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8445492 (click on link for free open access)
Law CJ, Hlusko LJ, Tseng ZJ. 2024. Uncovering the mosaic evolution of carnivoran skeletal systems. Biology Letters 20230526. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0526 (click on link for free open access)
Taylor C, Masao F, Njau JK, Songita AV, Hlusko LJ. 2024. OH 89: A newly described 1.8 million-year-old hominid clavicle from Olduvai Gorge. Peer Community Journal, 4:e34. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.372/ (click on link for free open access)
2023
Scott GR, Vlemincq-Mendieta T, Dern L, O’Rourke D, Hlusko LJ, Hoffecker J. 2023. Peopling of the Americas: a new approach to assessing dental morphological variation in Asian and Native American populations. Am J Biological Anthropology in press, early view https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24878
Hoffecker J, Scott E, O’Rourke D, Hlusko LJ, Potapova O, Pitulko V, Pavlova E, Bourgeon L, Vachula R. 2023. Beringia and the peopling of the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 290:20222246 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.2246 (click on link for free open access)
Taylor CE, Brasil MF, Monson TA, Yohler RM, Hlusko LJ. 2023 Two recently recovered Late Pleistocene Cercopithecus (Cercoithecidae: Primates) fossil assemblages from the Afar Depression of Ethiopia. American Journal of Biological Anthropology 180(1):6-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24637
Brasil MF, Monson RA, Taylor CE, Yohler RM, Hlusko LJ. 2023. Hundreds of newly-recovered Colobus (Cercopithecidae: Primates) fossils from the Late Pleistocene of the Afar Depression of Ethiopia. American Journal of Biological Anthropology 180(1):77-114. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24639
Brasil MF, Taylor CE, Yohler RM, Monson TA, Hlusko, LJ. 2023. A fossil assemblage of near-modern Papio hamadryas from the Afar Depression of Ethiopia. American Journal of Biological Anthropology 180(1):48-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24634
2022
Monson TA, Weitz A, Brasil MF, Hlusko LJ. 2022. Teeth, prenatal growth rates, and the evolution of human-like pregnancy in later Homo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2200689119 (click on link for free open access)
Monson TA, Brasil MF, Mahaney MC, Schmitt CA, Taylor CE, Hlusko LJ. 2022. Keeping 21st century paleontology grounded: Quantitative genetic analyses and ancestral state reconstruction re-emphasize the essentiality of fossils. Biology, 11, 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081218 (click on link for free open access)
Font-Porterias N, McNelis MG, Comas D, Hlusko LJ. 2022. Evidence of selection in the ectodysplasin pathway among endangered aquatic mammals. Integrative and Organismal Biology https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac018 (click on link for free open access)
Takenaka R, Clay SM, Yoo S, Hlusko LJ. 2022. Conserved and taxon-specific patterns of phenotypic modularity in the mammalian dentition. Integrative and Organismal Biology https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac017 (click on link for free open access)
Hlusko LJ, McNelis MG. 2022. Evolutionary adaptation highlights the interconnection of fatty acids, sunlight, inflammation, and epithelial adhesion. Acta Paediatrica https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16358 (click on link for free open access)
Hlusko LJ. 2022. Human genomics and divine intervention. In Quest of the Historical Adam Book Symposium. Sapientia https://henrycenter.tiu.edu/2022/01/human-genomics-and-divine-intervention/ (click on link for free open access)
2021
Coletta DK, Hlusko LJ, Scott GR, Garcia LA, Vachon CM, Funk JL, Shaibi GQ, Hernandez V, De Felippis E, Mandarino LJ. 2021. Association of EDARV370A with breast density and metabolic syndrome in Latinos. PLoS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258212 (click on link for free open access)
Scott GR, O’Rourke DH, Raff JA, Tackney JC, Hlusko LJ, Elias SA, Sicoli MA, Bourgeon L, Potapova O, Pavlova E, Pitulko V, Hoffecker JF. 2021. Peopling the Americas: not “Out of Japan”. PaleoAmerica 7(4), 309-332. DOI: 10.1080/20555563.2021.1940440 (click on link for free open access)
Buck LT, Katz DC, Ackermann RR, Hlusko LJ, Kanthaswamy S, Weaver TD. 2021. Effects of admixture on pelvic morphology: a macaque model. Journal of Human Evolution 159:103049 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103049 (pdf)
Zuercher ME, Monson TA, Dvoretzky RR, Ravindramurthy S, Hlusko LJ. 2021. Dental variation in megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): tooth metrics correlate with body mass and tooth proportions reflect phylogeny. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 28(2):543-558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-020-09508-7 (pdf)
2020
Brasil MF, Monson TA, Schmitt CA, Hlusko LJ. 2020. A genotype:phenotype approach to testing taxonomic hypotheses in hominids. The Science of Nature (Naturwissenschaften) 107, article number 40. doi.org/10.1007/s00114-020-01696-9 (pdf)
Hlusko LJ. 2020. The moments when I am not a woman, Chapter 15. The Bearded Lady Project: Challenging the Face of Science. LJ Marsh and E Currano (Eds). Columbia University Press, New York, p. 87-88.
2019
Hlusko LJ, Ungar PS. 2019. Alan Cyril Walker. 23 August 1938 – 20 November 2019. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2019.0017 (click on link for free open access)
Monson TA, Boisserie J-R, Brasil MF, Clay S, Dvoretzky R, Ravindramurthy SR, Schmitt CA, Souron A, Takenaka R, Ungar P, Yoo S-W, Zhou M, Zuercher ME, Hlusko LJ. 2019. Evidence of strong stabilizing effects on the evolution of boreoeutherian (Mammalia) dental proportions. Ecology & Evolution https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.5309 (pdf)
Monson TA, Coleman J, Hlusko LJ. 2019. Craniodental allometry, prenatal growth rates, and the evolutionary loss of the third molars in New World monkeys. Anatomical Record DOI 10.1002/ar.23979 (pdf)
2018
Monson TA, Hlusko LJ. 2018. Breaking the rules: phylogeny, not life history, explains dental eruption sequence in primates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology early view https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23618 (pdf)
Monson TA, Armitage D, Hlusko LJ. 2018. Using machine learning to classify extant apes and interpret the dental morphology of the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor. PaleoBios 35 ISSN 0031-0298. (click on link for free open access)
Hlusko LJ. 2018. Geospatial approaches to hominid paleontology in Africa: What is old, what is new, and what doesn’t change. In: New Geospatial Approaches in Anthropology, eds R. Anemone and G. Conroy. SAR Press, Santa Fe, NM. Chapter 3, pp 39-58.
Hlusko LJ. 2018. Recent insights into the evolution of quantitative traits in non-human primates. Current Opinions in Genetics and Development 53:15-20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29913352 (pdf)
Monson TA, Brasil MF, Hlusko LJ. 2018. Allometric variation and the relationship between body proportions and elite athletic success. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education 3:3-8. DOI 10.26773/jaspe.180701 (click on link for free open access)
Bibi F, Pante M, Souron A, Stewart K, Varela S, Werdelin L, Boisserie J-R, Fortelius M, Hlusko L, Njau J, de la Torre I. 2018. Paleoecology of the Serengeti during the Oldowan-Acheulean transition at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: The mammal and fish evidence. Journal of Human Evolution 120:48-75. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29191415 (pdf)
Hlusko LJ, Carlson JP, Chaplin G, Elias SA, Hoffecker JF, Huffman M, Jablonski NG, Monson TA, O’Rourke DH, Pilloid MA, Scott GR. 2018. Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115(19):E4426-E4432. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1711788115 (click on link for free open access)
Monson TA, Hlusko LJ. 2018. The evolution of dental eruption sequence in artiodactyls. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 25(1):15-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9362-9 (pdf)
2017
Reiner WB, Masao F, Sholts S, Songita A, Stanistreet I, Stollhofen H, Taylor RE, Hlusko LJ. 2017. OH 83: A new early modern human fossil cranium from the Ndutu Beds of Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 164(3):533-545. doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23292 (pdf)
2016
Hlusko LJ, Schmitt CA, Monson TA, Brasil MF, Mahaney MC. 2016. The integration of quantitative genetics, paleontology, and neontology reveals genetic underpinnings of primate dental evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 113 (33) 9262-9267 (click on link for free open access)
Commentary: Quantitative genetics provides predictive power for paleontological studies of morphological evolution. Proceedings of the National Academcy of Sciences USA 113(33): 9142-9144.
Ungar PS, Hlusko LJ. 2016. The evolutionary path of least resistance. Science 353(6294):29-30. (2016_Science)
Grieco TM, Hlusko LJ. 2016. Insight from frogs: Sonic hedgehog gene expression and a re-evaluation of the vertebrate odontogenic band. The Anatomical Record 299(8):1099-109. (2016_anatomical_record)
Hlusko LJ. 2016. Elucidating the evolution of the hominid dentition in the age of phenomics, modularity, and quantitative genetics. Annals of Anatomy 203:3-11. (2016_Annals_Anatomy)
2015
Lainoff AJ, Mousakas JE, Kallonen A, Hämälainen K, Smith KK, Hu D, Marcucio R, Hlusko LJ. 2015. A comparative examination of odontogenic markers in both toothed and toothless amniotes. Molecular and Developmental Evolution (J. Exp. Zoolog.) 324(3):255-69. (2015_J_ExpZool_Mol_Dev_Evol)
Monson TA, Brasil MF, Hlusko LJ. 2015. Materials collected by the southern branch of the UC Africa Expedition with a report on new Plio-Pleistocene fossil localities. PaleoBios 32. ucmp_paleobios_29407. (2015_PaleoBios)
Hlusko LJ, Reiner WR, Njau JK. 2015. A one-million-year-old hominid distal ulna from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 158(1):36-42. (2015_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
2014
Monson T, Hlusko LJ. 2014. Identification of a derived dental trait in the Papionini relative to other Old World Monkeys.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 155:422-429. (2014_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
Amugongo SK, Hlusko LJ. 2014.Impact of maternal prenatal stress on growth of the offspring. Aging and Disease 5(1):1-16. (2014_Aging_and_Disease)
Morrish KR, Hlusko LJ. 2014. Modularity and sexual dimorphism in human metacarpals. Paleobios 31(2):1-20. (2014_Paleobios)
2013
Grieco TM, OT Rizk, LJ Hlusko. 2013. A modular framework characterizes micro- and macroevolution of Old World monkey dentitions. Evolution 67(1):241-59. (2013_Evolution)
Hlusko LJ, Carlson J, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Krueger KL, Mersey B, Ungar PS, Defleur A. 2013. Neanderthal teeth from Moula-Guercy, Ardeche, France. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 151:477-491. (2013_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
Rizk OT, Grieco TM, Holmes MW, LJ Hlusko. 2013. Using geometric morphometrics to study the mechanisms that pattern primate dental variation. Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology: Genetics, Evolution, Variation, edited by Dr. G. Richard Scott and Dr. Joel Irish (2013_GM_chapt_proofs)
2012
Renne PR., Mulcahy SR, Morgan LE, Cassata WS, Kelley SP, Hlusko LJ, Njau JK. 2012. Retention of inherited Ar by alkali feldspar xenocrysts in a magma: Kinetic constraints from Ba zoning profiles. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 93:129-142. (2012_Geo_Cosmo_Acta)
2011
Moustakas JE, KK Smith, LJ Hlusko. 2011. The evolution and development of the mammalian dentition: insights from the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. Developmental Dynamics 240(1):232-9. (2011_Dev_Dynamics)
Hlusko LJ, RD Sage, MC Mahaney. 2011. Evolution of modularity in the mammalian dentition: mice and monkeys share a common dental genetic architecture. Molecular and Developmental Evolution (J. Exp. Zoolog.) 316B:21-49. (2011_J_Exp_Zool_Mol_Dev_Evol)
2010
Grieco TM, OT Rizk. 2010. Cranial shape varies along an elevation gradient in Gambel’s White-Footed mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii) in the Grinnell Resurvey Yosemite Transect. Journal of Morphology 271:897-909.
Njau JK and Hlusko LJ. 2010. Fine-tuning paleoanthropological reconnaissance using high-resolution satellite imagery: the discovery of 28 new sites in Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution 59:680-684. (2010_J_Hum_Evol)
Koh C, Bates E, Broughton E, Do NT, Fletcher Z, Mahaney MC, and Hlusko LJ. 2010. Genetic integration of molar cusp size variation in baboons. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 142:246-260. (2010_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
2009
Louchart A, Wesselman H, Blumenschine RJ, Hlusko LJ, Njau JK, Black MT, Asnake M, White TD. 2009. Taphonomic, avian, and small vertebrate indicators of Ardipithecus ramidus habitat. Science 326:66 (66e1-66e4) (2009_Science)
Hlusko LJ and MC Mahaney. 2009. Quantitative genetics, pleiotropy, and morphological integration in the dentition of Papio hamadryas. Evolutionary Biology 36(1):5 (DOI 10.1007/s11692-008-9048-1) (2009_Evol_Biol)
Hlusko LJ and Mahaney MC. 2009. Baboon model for dental development. In: The Baboon in Biomedical Research, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research Press, San Antonio, TX. Springer, New York. Pages 207-223. (2009_Bab_Biomed_Res)
Frost SR, Haile-Selassie Y, and Hlusko LJ. 2009. Chapter 6 Cercopithecidae. In: Ardipithecus kadabba: Late Miocene Evidence from Middle Awash, Ethiopia (Y. Haile-Selassie, G WoldeGabriel eds). University of California Press, Berkeley.
2008
Boisserie, J-R, Guy F, Delagnes A, Hlusko LJ, Bibi F, Beyene Y, and Guillemot C. 2008. New paleoanthropological research in the Plio-Pleistocene Omo Group, Lower Omo Valley, SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities and People Regions), Ethiopia. C. R. Palevol 7:429-439. (2008_Palevol)
Rizk OT, Amugongo S, Mahaney MC, and Hlusko LJ. 2008. The quantitative genetic analysis of primate dental variation: History of the approach and prospects for the future. In: Technique and Application in Dental Anthropology (J.D. Irish and G.C. Nelson, eds). Cambridge University Press. (ISBN-13:9780521870610). (2008_rizk_etal_chapt)
Hlusko LJ. 2008. Book Review. The Ape in the Tree: An Intellectual and Natural History of Proconsul, by A. Walker and P. Shipman. Current Anthropology 49(2):337-338. (2008_Curr_Anth_book_review)
2007
For the complete Lemudon’go monograph, please go to this link.
Hlusko LJ and Mahaney MC. 2007. Of mice and monkeys: Quantitative genetic analyses of size variation along the dental arcade. In: Dental Perspectives on Human Evolution: State of the Art Research in Dental Paleoanthropology (S. Bailey and J-J. Hublin, eds.). Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 237-245. (2007_Dental_Perspectives)
Hlusko LJ, Do N, Mahaney MC. 2007. Genetic correlations between mandibular molar cusp areas in baboons. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132:445-454. (2007_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
Hlusko LJ and Mahaney MC. 2007. A multivariate comparison of dental variation in wild and captive populations of baboons (Papio hamadryas). Archives of Oral Biology 52:195-200. (2007_Arch_Oral_Biol)
Hlusko LJ. 2007. A new late Miocene species of Paracolobus and other Cercopithecoidea (Mammalia: Primates) fossils from Lemudong’o, Kenya. Kirtlandia 56: 72-85. (2007_Kirtlandia_paracolobus)
Hlusko LJ. 2007. Earliest evidence for Atherurus and Xenohystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) in Africa, from the late Miocene site of Lemudong’o, Kenya. Kirtlandia 56: 86-91. (pdf)
Hlusko LJ and Y Haile-Selassie. 2007. Nyanzachoerus syrticus (Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the late Miocene of Lemudong’o, Kenya. Kirtlandia 56: 152-157. (pdf)
Hlusko LJ, Y Haile-Selassie, D Degusta. 2007. Late Miocene Bovidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from Lemudong’o, Narok District, Kenya. Kirtlandia 56: 163-172. (pdf)
Ambrose SH, Bell CJ, Bernor RL, Boisserie JR, Darwent CM, DeGusta D, Deino A, Garcia N, Haile-Selassie Y, Head JJ, Howell FC, Kyule MD, Manthi FK, Mathu EM, Nyamai CM, Pickford M, Saegusa H, Stidham TA, Williams MAJ, and Hlusko LJ. 2007. The paleoecology and paleogeographic context of Lemudong’o Locality 1, a Late Miocene terrestrial fossil site in Southern Kenya. Kirtlandia 56:38-52. (2007_Kirtlandia_paleoecology)
Ambrose SH, MD Kyule, LJ Hlusko. 2007. History of paleontological research in the Narok District of Kenya. Kirtlandia 56: 1-37. (2007_Kirtlandia_history)
Saegusa H and LJ Hlusko. 2007. New late Miocene elephantoid (Mammalia: Proboscidea) fossils from Lemudong’o, Kenya. Kirtlandia 56: 140-147. (pdf)
Pickford M and LJ Hlusko. 2007. Late Miocene Procaviid hyracoids (Hyracoidea: Dendrohyrax) from Lemudong’o, Kenya. Kirtlandia 56: 106-111. (pdf)
2006
Hlusko LJ, Lease LR, Mahaney MC. 2006. The evolution of genetically correlated traits: tooth size and body size in baboons.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131:420-427. (2006_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
White TD, WoldeGabriel G, Asfaw B, Ambrose S, Beyene Y, Bernor RL, Boisserie JR, Currie B, Gilbert H, Haile-Selassie Y, Hart WK, Hlusko LJ, Howell FC, Kono RT, Louchart A, Lovejoy CO, Renne PR, Saegusa H, Vrba E, Wesselman H, and Suwa G. 2006. Asa Issie, Aramis, and the origin of Australopithecus. Nature 440:883-889. (pdf)
Hlusko LJ. 2006. A New Large Pliocene Colobine Species (Mammalia: Primates) from Asa Issie, Ethiopia. Geobios 39:57-69. (2006_Geobios)
Hlusko LJ. 2006. Book Review: The Human Fossil Record, Volume Four: Craniodental Morphology of Early Hominids (General Australopithecus, Paranthropus, Orrorin), and Overview by J.H. Schwartz and I. Tattersall. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131:148-149. (2006_Am_J_Phys_Anth_book_review)
2005
Sherwood RJ, Hlusko LJ, Duren DL, Ench VC, and Walker A. 2005. The mandibular symphysis of large-bodied hominoids. Human Biology 77(6):735-759. (2005_Hum_Bio)
Haile-Selassie Y, Hlusko LJ, and Howell FC. 2004. A new species of Plesiogulo (Mustelidae, Carnivora) from the Late Miocene of Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 40:85-88. (2004_Pal_afr)
2004
Hlusko LJ, Maas ML, Mahaney MC. 2004. Statistical genetics of molar cusp patterning in pedigreed baboons: Implications for primate dental development and evolution. Molecular and Developmental Evolution (J. Exp. Zoolog.) 302B:268-283. (2004_Mol_Dev_Evol)
Hlusko LJ. 2004. Protostylid variation in Australopithecus. Journal of Human Evolution 46: 579-594. (2004_J_Hum_Evol)
Hlusko LJ. 2004. Integrating the genotype and phenotype in hominid paleontology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101(9): 2653-2657. (2004_Proc_Natl_Acad_Sci)
Hlusko LJ, Suwa G, Kono R, and Mahaney MC. 2004. Genetics and the evolution of primate enamel thickness: A baboon model.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 124:223-233. (2004_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
2003
Hlusko LJ. 2003. The oldest hominid habit? Experimental evidence for toothpicking with grass stalks. Current Anthropology44(5): 738-741. (2003_Curr_Anth)
Hlusko LJ and Mahaney MC. 2003. Genetic contributions to expression of the baboon cingular remnant. Archives of Oral Biology 48: 663-672. (2003_Arch_Oral_Biol)
Ambrose SH, Hlusko LJ, Kyule D, Deino A, and Williams M. 2003. Lemudong’o: A new 6ma paleontological site near Narok, Kenya Rift Valley. Journal of Human Evolution 44:737-742. (2003_J_Hum_Evol)
Hlusko LJ. 2003. Book Review: Colbert’s Evolution of the Vertebrates by E.H. Colbert, M. Morales, and E.C. Minkoff. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 123:97. (2003_Am_J_Phys_Anth_book_review)
2002
Hlusko LJ. 2002. Identifying metameric variation in extant hominoid and fossil hominid molars. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 118(1): 86-97. (2002a_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
Hlusko LJ. 2002. Expression types for two cercopithecoid dental traits (Interconulus and Interconulid) and their variation in a modern baboon population. International Journal of Primatology 23(6): 1309-1318. (2002_Intl_J_Primatol)
Hlusko LJ, Mahaney MC, and Weiss KM. 2002. A statistical genetic comparison of two techniques for assessing molar crown size in pedigreed baboons. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 117(2): 182-189. (2002b_Am_J_Phys_Anth)
Hlusko LJ. 2002. Book Review: Extinct Humans, by I. Tattersall and J.H. Schwartz. Quarterly Review of Biology 77(4): 446-447. (2002_QRB_book_review.web)
2001
Liu W, LJ Hlusko, and Zheng. 2001. Morphometric analysis of hominoid lower molars from Yuanmou of Yunnan Province, China.Primates 42(2): 123-134. (2001_Primates)
Dissertation
Hlusko LJ. 2000. Identifying the genetic mechanisms of dental variation in cercopithecoid primates. PhD dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, UMI 9982340.